Three elements of a
complete communication
Gene Mage
Business rises and falls on effective communication. Information flows up and down the chain
of command, sideways between departments, and to and from the customer. And as we all know, miscommunication
leads to mistakes and conflicts.
Sadly, most people misunderstand the concept of
communication. “I communicated that
new program,” complains the executive.
“We sent out a memo.” But
sending a memo is not communication.
“OK,” he replies, “But we also sent out a voice message
announcement.” But a voice message
announcement is not communication either.
I like Webster’s definition, “To transmit information,
thought, or feeling so that it is satisfactorily received or understood.” Sending a message is only a small part
of communication. Effective leaders
take responsibility for the whole process, which contains three elements:
- Sending. Your goal when sending a message is to
maximize the odds that it will be received in the way you intended. Every message begins with a thought or
intention. You attach words to
what you mean and articulate the words you would like to express.
But how those words are
interpreted by the receiver depends much upon how they think and feel about
your words. Listeners filter your
words through their own perspective, based on their life experience. Listeners also interpret what those
words mean based upon visual and non-verbal cues they pick up, especially
facial expressions, tone of voice, and body-language. The better you understand the needs
and perspectives of the receiver, the more skillfully you can craft your
message so it is more likely to be received as you intended.
- Receiving. Your goal when listening to a message
is to maximize the odds that you hear it the way it was intended by the
sender. This begins by
recognizing that you have your own set of filters through which you interpret
what you hear. To listen
“empathically”, or from another’s perspective, you adopt an entirely different
mindset. Instead of thinking,
“How will I respond?” you ask yourself, “Where is this person coming
from?” When you put aside all
distractions and focus your attention on the speaker, you will fully and
accurately “get” the message.
Next, you provide feedback to the speaker
to check and see if what you think you heard is what the speaker meant. In the nineteen sixties, the concept
of “active listening” became popular, in which the listener would repeat back
what they heard using a script such as, “So, what I hear you saying is, you’re
upset over Karen’s tardiness.”
Most people subjected to that kind of mechanical parroting find
it incredibly irritating. By
contrast, skillful listeners learn to paraphrase what they heard using their
own words and a natural tone, “It sound’s like Karen’s tardiness has gotten
really frustrating.” Through
their tone and manner, effective listeners communicate that they hear both the
message and the emotion behind the message.
- Processing. So far we have sending and
receiving. At this point, we have
completed a transaction. But
communication goes far beyond merely exchanging information. Once two people are on the same page,
they can engage in a dialog to process that information. They compare, contrast, and interpret
the facts based on their experiences.
They explore alternatives, analyze root causes, and commit to take
action. This process of synthesis
takes two perspectives and creates something new. Too often, we spend so much time
advocating our own point of view that we completely miss the good aspects of
what someone else has to offer.
So how do you apply the three elements of effective
communication?
- Be
thorough by making sure all three elements are present.
- Use
empathy, logic, and repetition to maximize understanding.
- Speak and listen from
the other person’s perspective.
- Use
a natural paraphrase to check your understanding.
- Open up the dialog to
fully explore the topic.
- Be
open to alternative solutions.
- Agree on next steps.
© 2004 Gene C. Mage All Rights Reserved